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Objective: This study aims to determine the demo-graphic and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency department of a training and research hos-pital within 72 hours of the diagnosis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as descriptive and single-centered. The data of patients who presented to the emergency room with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were obtained retrospectively from the Hospi-tal Information Management System. Results: 56.497 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presented to our emergency room, and 0.4% returned to the emergency room with similar complaints within 72 hours. Among those who returned, 51.4% were female, and the mean age was 41.67. This study found that 30.8% of readmitted people had at least one comorbidity. It was found that 30.8% of the readmission had at least one comorbidity;nausea and cough were the most common reasons for admission in patients with comorbidities. Conclusion: There is a need to design further studies to establish the criteria for the safe return of COVID-19 pa-tients to home, to reduce the re-admission rates, and in-crease the quality of care.
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One of the biggest global public health crisis began in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. That emergency was the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the disease COVID-19, a highly transmissible acute respiratory syndrome. The pandemic declaration by the WHO in March 2020 caused the world to take on several measures to combat and contain the virus. Initially, social isolation and lockdown were the main initiatives, as there were no forms of treatment or prevention of the disease. These restrictive measures generate a change in the habit of the population that triggered serious physical and psychological impairments. One of the consequences was the increase in the use of substances of abuse and, consequently, substance use disorder, including tobacco. During the pandemic, cigarette consumption increased from 10 to 30% worldwide, whereas smoking is the main cause of preventable death and a risk factor for several diseases. Along with alcohol, nicotine has a greater addictive power than illicit drugs. Substance use disorders and COVID-19 have a synergistic effect, in this way, we seek to integrate neurochemical, cognitive and behavioral aspects that led to increased consumption and/or relapse in nicotine consumption and the used therapy.
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Introduction: Acute recurrent purulent pericarditis is an uncommon pericardium infection that can be life-threatening due to pus production, leading to cardiac tamponade. Case presentation: We report a 36-year-old man referring to our hospital with impending cardiac tamponade who needed urgent pericardiocentesis. The patient's complaints were worsening dyspnea and palpitations in the last two days. The patient had been hospitalized for the same complaint and had pericardiocentesis due to cardiac tamponade approximately three weeks earlier. Physical exam, ECG, and CXR suggest impending cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography indicated massive right and left pericardial effusion and right atrial collapse. The Covid-19 screening test was positive;however, RT-PCR revealed a negative result. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent acute purulent pericarditis with impending cardiac tamponade requiring urgent pericardiocentesis. After the procedure, 1.5 million units of intrapericardial fibrinolytic were administered to patients. His improved hemodynamic and clinical symptoms indicate a successful procedure. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges of managing an acute recurrent purulent pericarditis patient due to Staphylococcus A. infection in the current pandemic era, including distinguishing it from other contagious diseases due to nonspecific dyspnea, limited therapeutic options, and the effectiveness of intrapericardial fibrinolytic in improving the overall patient conditions, and reducing the mortality rate.
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This study evaluated cases of spontaneous pneumothorax developing secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Sixteen cases presenting to our hospital due to spontaneous pneumothorax developing secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia between March 2020 and February 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Ten patients (62.5%) were men, and six (37.5%) were women, with a mean age of 68 .. 20.3 years (range 18 - 90 years). Pneumothorax was in the right hemithorax in 11 cases (68.75%), in the left hemithorax in two (12.5%), and bilateral in three (17.75%). Pneumothorax developed during active SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in all 16 cases (100%). No pneumothorax was detected following the healing of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pneumothorax was observed while patients were not intubated in 15 cases (93.75%), but pneumothorax developed during mechanical ventilation in one case (6.25%). Tube thoracostomy was performed on all patients in treatment. Air leakage from the tube was observed in 14 cases (87.5%). The mean duration of tube thoracostomy was 18.3 .. 20.1 days (range 1 - 81 days). Pneumothorax resolved after treatment in seven cases (43.75%), while mortality occurred in nine (56.25%). Pneumothorax recurred after treatment in one case (6.25%). Pneumothorax is widely seen in the active period or after healing in cases infected with COVID-19. Aggressive treatment is generally required for this clinical manifestation with high mortality.
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Background: People with chronic diseases of the immune system, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are at risk for Covid-19 disease. However, more research is needed with long-term follow-up. The aim of the study was to follow up people with MS (PwMS) for up to three months after AstraZeneca vaccination for the recurrence of MS and Covid-19 infection. Methods: This study was a case study (descriptive-analytical) of follow-up type. The study population was PwMS over 18 years of age in Kermanshah province who received both doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine. This study was conducted from August to November 2021. Sampling was done with existing methods based on the National MS Registry of Iran (NMSRI). Demographic information of patients was extracted from NMSRI. A researcher-made form was used to collect information by telephone three months after vaccination about clinical characteristics, Covid-19 infection, and recurrence of MS. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software. Results: Study participants were 40 MS patients with a mean (SD) age of 39.27 (8.8) years, including 32 (80.0%) women. A mean of 9.39 (4.6) years had passed since The patients were diagnosed with MS, and 29 (76.4%) had RR type MS. Four patients (10%) relapsed between the second dose and three months later, of whom two (50%) had sensory symptoms, one (25%) had optic nerve involvement, and one (25%) had motor symptoms and pyramidal pathway involvement. The symptoms of Covid-19 were mild in three patients (10%), while severe symptoms developed in one patient (10%) who received rituximab. Among the patients, no cases of thrombosis were observed. Infusion therapy, a leg fracture, and kidney stones were the only hospitalized cases. Conclusion: Covid-19 and MS relapse prevalence did not differ significantly in the three months before and after vaccination. There is a need for further studies with a longer follow-up period.
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Introduction: Infectious conjunctivitis is a frequent condition in ophthalmology consultations. The evolutionary mode, the contagious character and the socio-economic and epidemiological stakes especially during the current period of world health crisis with the coronavirus disease are the reasons for this study. The aim of this work is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of infectious conjunctivitis during the study period in order to improve management. Materials and methods: This retrospective, descriptive and analytical study concerned patients examined between March 1st, 2019, and March 1st, 2021, in the ophthalmology department of the regional hospital of Garoua in northern Cameroon. Patients of all ages who presented with conjunctivitis suspected of infectious origin were included. To define the causes of conjunctival infections, we relied solely on clinical findings. The following variables were analyzed for each case: age, sex, symptoms, contact, laterality, character of signs, aetiology and type of treatment received, class of antibiotics administered, duration and cost of treatment. All patients with incomplete records and non-infectious conjunctivitis were excluded.
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The burden of COVID-19 is not only represented by pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, but also by its numerous complications, especially those unexpected or less reported. In view of this, we present the case of a 71 years old male patient admitted for severe acute respiratory failure and sudden alteration of the general condition who was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection 12 day before. Native chest CT scan result was suggestive of a severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Shortly after admission, the patient accused persistent headache located in the right frontal area which evolved bilaterally and it associated periorbital edema later. Based on the cranial CT scan he was diagnosed with acute pansinusitis and periorbital cellulitis. Despite broad spectrum antibiotic and antifungal therapy the inflammatory syndrome was rising and his clinical condition was getting worse. Considering the inflammatory recurrence, his immunosuppressed status caused by COVID-19 and the corticosteroid therapy, his history of diabetes, the cranial CT scan and the extemporaneous histopathological examination, we suspected mucormycosis. So, the patient underwent surgical transosseus drainage of the right sinus and nasal endoscopy with further recommendation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The extemporaneous histopathological examination of the samples collected during surgery suggested a presumptive diagnose of mucormycosis. Although right after surgical debridement we started targeted antifungal therapy, his impaired condition required transfer to the intensive care unit.
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Worldwide, the study shows that breast cancer is one of the major cancer responsible for women death. All the effective therapies - immune-modulator therapy, chemo-radiation and cell targeted therapies can worsen the body immune system which majorly affects the lungs and these women with weak immune system and bronchi problems are more susceptible to major complications if they are exposed to COVID-19. In start of pandemic, it was difficult for healthcare system to manage the surgeries, scans and therapies of cancer patients without let them exposed to SARCoV-2, leads to delay in their treatment which can even more worsen condition for the patient. SARCoV-2 triggers the IL-6 release by the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap which can increase the complications in the breast cancer patient as well as it can also reactivate the relapsed dormant breast cancer cells. So, after seeing the condition of patients doctors decided that they can treat the patients by taking all measuring safety precautions during the admission to the hospital and found Anti-IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab) neutrophils inhibitor (alvestat) and JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors (baricitinib) effective and vaccines are also available in international market considering them safe and efficient for patient with breast cancer history or maybe undergoing in treatment.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly found strain of the coronavirus family severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread around the world, causing a significant public health crisis. As a result, there has been a significant reorganisation of hospital wards and clinical operations around the world to deal with the growing number of COVID-19-positive individuals who require hospitalisation and critical care assistance. Patients with underlying chronic conditions, such as cancer, are particularly concerned about this widespread reallocation of health resources. Lung cancer is a cancer that originates in the lungs. When cells in the body start to grow out of control, cancer develops. As a result, we offer a unique approach in which intracranial pictures are sent to recurrent neural networks to identify cancer stages and the patients' status is classified as safe or non-safe depending on the extent of lung cancer. Because of the rise in Covid, it is no longer safe for a cancer patient, particularly one with lung cancer, to visit the hospital frequently. As a result, when the situation is truly dire as determined by the results, the patient's family and doctor will be informed. Our proposed Random Forest Tree with Recurrent Neural Network will yield a 90% correct outcome.
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The epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia has aroused worldwide concern and caused a huge social and economic burden. In the current resumption of work and production, departments involved should take scientific measures of prevention, control and quarantine. Due attention should be attached to every stage of public health efforts. Specific measures for prevention and control in different regions and at different levels should be made clear to prevent recurrence of the epidemic. Based on the current status of epidemic development and research progress, this article reviews the literature concerning virus characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, treatment and prevention and control, so as to improve readers' awareness of this disease and enhance self-protection awareness. Meanwhile, a comprehensive review of literature can provide reference for the effective control of the disease and help to win the battle in a scientific way.
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Background: Returning symptomatic patients with a history of recovered COVID-19 with a new positive SARS CoV-2 PCR test after several weeks to months of a negative PCR result is challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: We aimed to determine such Iranian patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics and discuss possible reasons.
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Introduction: The 2019 worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has wreaked havoc on health systems and economies around the world. SARS-CoV-2 infections range from asymptomatic to severe courses of COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Risk factors for disease severity include older age, male sex, increased BMI, comorbidities and ethnicity. The impact of the host genetic to the development of infectious diseases, causing susceptibility to a variety of viruses, as well as influencing the course of the disease has been confirmed in numerous studies indicating the existence of candidate genes for predisposition to infections.
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TB is not considered a common comorbidity of COVID-19. Although there is some information on TB-COVID-19 coinfection in the medical literature, the scientific evidence on the potential influence of COVID-19 on the course of TB and TB services is still meager. To address these issues, the Global TB Network has launched, with the support of WHO, a global multicenter cohort study on the clinical course and evolution of people with COVID-19 and TB9. The questions raised in this article are the following: (1) Does COVID-19 increase the risk of reactivation of TB?;(2) What risk of TB mortality can be attributed to COVID-19?;(3) What are the other determinants of mortality in patients co-infected with TB and COVID-19?;(4) Does BCG vaccination protect?;(5) Do patients co-infected with TB and COVID-19 require different clinical management? If so, what kind of handling? (6) What influence will COVID-19 have on TB services in the coming years? (7) Are patients with post-TB sequelae at higher risk of contracting COVID-19? As of October 2020, 132 centers from 36 countries, including leading centres from Argentina, had joined the study. In the present circumstances, when faced with a suspected case of COVID-19 with nonspecific respiratory infection and prolonged or atypical clinical evolution, TB should be investigated in high-prevalence areas, especially in population groups at risk of TB.
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This special issue includes 109 articles focusing on COVID-19 and influenza H1N1;coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in Southeastern France;recurrent COVID-19 pneumonia in the course of chemotherapy;significance of IgA antibody testing for early detection of SARS-CoV-2;immunohistochemical expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in minor salivary glands during SARS-CoV-2 infection;the safety of remdesivir for COVID-19 patients;SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein intranasal inoculation induces local and systemic T cell responses in mice;risk factors for prolonged fatigue after recovery from COVID-19;influence of COVID-19 in patients with concurrent tuberculosis coinfections;interpretative immune targets and contemporary position for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.
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Objective: To explore the relationship between an anti-epidemic mentality and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college students during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of PTSD when college students experience sudden crisis events in the future.